Archive 31.01.2025

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The Transformative Role of AI in Cybersecurity

2025 marks a pivotal moment in the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and cybersecurity. Rapid advancements in AI are not only redefining industries; they are reshaping the cybersecurity landscape in profound ways. Through this evolution, I have noted three primary […]

The post The Transformative Role of AI in Cybersecurity appeared first on TechSpective.

Beyond DeepSeek: An Overview of Chinese AI Tigers and Their Cutting-Edge Innovations

The recent disruption caused by DeepSeek’s R1 model sent shockwaves through the AI community, demonstrating that Chinese AI advancements may have been underestimated. The model’s performance, rivaling some of the most advanced offerings from OpenAI and Anthropic at a fraction of the cost, signaled a new era of competition in artificial intelligence.

However, DeepSeek is not the only Chinese company making waves in AI. While industry giants like Alibaba, Tencent, Baidu, and ByteDance continue to lead the charge, a new generation of AI startups – often referred to as the “Chinese AI Tigers” – is emerging as formidable players. These startups are pushing the limits of generative AI, challenging global incumbents with state-of-the-art models and breakthrough innovations.

In this article, we will explore DeepSeek and five of the most influential Chinese AI startups: Moonshot AI, Zhipu AI, Baichuan AI, MiniMax, and 01.AI. Each of these companies has developed cutting-edge AI models and solutions that are shaping the future of artificial intelligence, both in China and beyond.

DeepSeek: A Research-Driven AI Powerhouse in China

Founded in May 2023, DeepSeek is an AI company based in Hangzhou, operating as an independent entity under High-Flyer, a leading Chinese quantitative hedge fund. Unlike many AI startups chasing commercialization, DeepSeek prioritizes technical innovation, running more like a research lab than a traditional business. The company is focused on developing artificial general intelligence (AGI) through breakthroughs in mathematics, coding, and multimodal AI capabilities.

Technical Innovation & Model Efficiency

DeepSeek has distinguished itself through cost-effective AI solutions and pioneering architectural advancements. Its research efforts have led to the deployment of novel techniques, including Multi-Head Latent Attention (MLA), sparse Mixture-of-Experts (MoE), and FP8 mixed precision training. These innovations significantly reduce memory requirements and computational costs, allowing DeepSeek to achieve state-of-the-art performance with fewer resources than industry giants like OpenAI, Meta, and Anthropic.

DeepSeek V3, its most advanced model, boasts 671B parameters and was trained in just 55 days at a cost of $5.58 million – an order of magnitude more efficient than its Western counterparts. The company has also committed to open-source development, furthering its influence in the AI research community.

Product Lineup

  • DeepSeek-V2 (May 2024): Introduced the MLA architecture, reducing inference costs and intensifying competition in China’s AI market.
  • DeepSeek-V3 (December 2024): A 671B-parameter model trained in record time, outperforming Llama 3.1 and Qwen 2.5 while matching GPT-4o and Claude 3.5 Sonnet.
  • DeepSeek-R1 (January 2025): A reasoning model based on DeepSeek-V3 that rivals OpenAI’s o1 in mathematics and coding benchmarks. Open-sourced and free for commercial use, it delivers performance comparable to GPT models at just 3% of the cost.
  • Janus-Pro-7B (January 2025): A vision model capable of understanding and generating images from text prompts, outperforming OpenAI’s DALL-E 3 and Stable Diffusion 3 in multiple image generation benchmarks.
  • Distilled Models: Optimized smaller-scale versions that retain high efficiency and strong performance.

Leadership & Talent Strategy

DeepSeek is led by CEO Liang Wenfeng, a former AI researcher and founder of High-Flyer Quant. Known for his technical idealism and open-source advocacy, Liang believes AGI could be achieved within the next decade. The company’s talent acquisition strategy is unconventional, focusing on hiring fresh graduates and early-career researchers driven by curiosity rather than experience. This approach fosters a culture of bottom-up innovation, with flexible resource allocation to encourage groundbreaking research.

Funding & Business Model

Unlike many AI startups dependent on external venture capital, DeepSeek is entirely funded by High-Flyer Quant. The hedge fund’s strategic investment in over 10,000 GPUs before U.S. sanctions has provided DeepSeek with a significant computational advantage.

While primarily research-driven, DeepSeek has achieved profitability through API revenue. Its aggressive pricing – offering API access at just 1/53rd the cost of Claude 3.5 Sonnet – has triggered a price war in the AI industry, challenging established players.

Outlook

DeepSeek’s chatbot technology demonstrates strong performance, delivering factual responses with linked resources. By combining technical breakthroughs, open-source accessibility, and an unconventional approach to AI development, DeepSeek is emerging as one of China’s most formidable AI contenders.

Moonshot AI: Pushing the Boundaries of Long-Context LLMs

Moonshot AI (YueZhiAnMian) is a Beijing-based artificial intelligence company founded in March 2023 by AI researchers Yang Zhilin, Zhou Xinyu, and Wu Yuxin. The company’s name draws inspiration from Pink Floyd’s album The Dark Side of the Moon, reflecting CEO Yang Zhilin’s admiration for the band. Moonshot AI specializes in developing LLMs capable of processing extensive text inputs, with a strong emphasis on long-form context and response capabilities.

Product Lineup

  • Kimi Chat (October 2023): A breakthrough AI assistant capable of handling up to 200,000 Chinese characters in a single input, making it a leader in long-form text processing. Available via chat interface and API.
  • Kimi 1.5 (January 2025): The latest o1-level multimodal model, achieving state-of-the-art performance on short-chain-of-thought (CoT) benchmarks. It significantly outperforms GPT-4o and Claude 3.5 Sonnet on AIME, MATH-500, and LiveCodeBench, with improvements reaching up to +550%.
  • Moonshot-V1-Vision-Preview (January 2025): A multimodal image understanding model that excels in OCR text extraction, image recognition, and advanced visual processing.

Leadership

CEO Yang Zhilin, a co-founder of Recurrent AI, previously worked at Meta AI and Google Brain. He earned a PhD in computer science from Carnegie Mellon University under the advisement of Ruslan Salakhutdinov. A key contributor to Transformer-XL, Yang’s expertise in extending language model context windows has been instrumental in shaping Moonshot AI’s platform.

Funding & Business Model

Moonshot AI has attracted significant investor confidence, securing $1 billion in a Series B round in February 2024, led by Alibaba with participation from Sequoia Capital China, Meituan, and Xiaohongshu. A subsequent $300 million round in August 2024, backed by Tencent Investment, Gaorong Capital, and Alibaba, raised its valuation to $3 billion.

Moonshot AI generates revenue through subscription-based services, pay-per-use API access, and licensing its AI technologies.

Outlook

Moonshot AI’s chatbot delivers high-quality responses with factual accuracy and linked sources. With its expertise in long-context language processing and a strong funding base, Moonshot AI is poised to become a dominant player in China’s AI landscape, challenging global incumbents with its cutting-edge models.

Zhipu AI: Advancing AI with Multimodal and Enterprise Solutions

Founded in 2019 as a spin-off from Tsinghua University, Zhipu AI (Beijing Zhipu Huazhang Technology) has emerged as a key player in China’s AI landscape. The company focuses on developing advanced LLMs and multimodal AI applications for both consumer and enterprise use cases, with a mission to “teach machines to think like humans.”

Product Lineup

  • GLM-4.0: An open-source, end-to-end speech large language model, released in October 2024, capable of human-like interactions with customizable tone, emotion, and dialect.
  • CodeGeeX: A 130B-parameter code-generation model.
  • CogView: A text-to-image model that generates high-quality, realistic, and novel images from textual descriptions.
  • AutoGLM: A voice-command-driven AI agent designed for smartphone task automation, capable of handling complex requests like ordering from local stores based on user shopping history.
  • Zhipu MaaS Platform: A cloud-based AI service providing enterprise access to Zhipu’s suite of AI models, including GLP-4-Plus, CogView-3-Plus, CogVideoX, and GLM-4V-Plus.

Leadership

Zhipu AI’s leadership team is anchored by CEO Zhang Peng, a Tsinghua University alumnus. The company’s foundation is deeply rooted in academia, having been co-founded by Tang Jie and Li Juanzi, both esteemed professors at Tsinghua University. Tang Jie, who serves as the Chief Scientist, is also the vice director of the Beijing Academy of Artificial Intelligence, highlighting his significant influence in China’s AI research community.

Funding & Business Model

Zhipu AI has attracted significant investment from major Chinese technology firms and venture capitalists. In 2023, the company raised RMB 2.5 billion (≈$350 million) in funding, with backers including Meituan, Ant Group, Alibaba, Tencent, Xiaomi, Sequoia Capital, and GL Ventures. A December 2024 funding round secured an additional $420 million, valuing the company at over $2.8 billion.

The company’s primary revenue stream comes from API access through the Zhipu MaaS Platform. In 2024, API revenue surged more than 30-fold year-over-year, with daily token consumption increasing 150-fold. The MaaS platform has attracted over 700,000 enterprise and developer users.

Challenges & U.S. Trade Blacklist

In October 2024, Zhipu AI was added to the U.S. trade blacklist, limiting its access to American technology due to concerns about its ties to the Chinese military. Despite these restrictions, Zhipu AI has remained resilient, maintaining strong domestic growth and continued support from major Chinese investors.

Outlook

While Zhipu AI faces stiff competition from other Chinese AI tigers, it continues to solidify its position in the Chinese AI ecosystem through a strong enterprise focus and cutting-edge multimodal models. However, its chatbot’s performance lags behind competitors, often struggling with precise, nuanced responses and occasionally mixing English and Chinese in its outputs. Nonetheless, its rapid growth and financial backing make it a formidable contender in China’s AI race.

Baichuan AI: China’s OpenAI Challenger

Founded in April 2023, Baichuan AI (Beijing Baichuan Intelligent Technology Co., Ltd.) is a Beijing-based artificial intelligence company led by Wang Xiaochuan, the former CEO of Sogou. The company positions itself as China’s equivalent of OpenAI, focusing on AI-driven solutions in healthcare, education, and finance. One of its core missions is leveraging AI to tackle systemic issues such as the global shortage of skilled doctors.

Product Lineup

Baichuan AI has released over 12 large language models since its inception, spanning both open-source and proprietary categories:

  • Open-source models: Baichuan-7B, Baichuan-13B, Baichuan2-7B, and Baichuan2-13B.
  • Proprietary models:
    • Baichuan4: A multimodal model with extended context and integrated search capabilities.
    • Baichuan4-Air: Uses a MoE (Mixture of Experts) architecture to optimize costs and significantly enhance speed.
    • Baichuan4-Turbo: Tailored for high-frequency enterprise use, improving response time and efficiency.
  • Baixiaoying chatbot: Competing with local AI offerings like Baidu’s Ernie Bot and Moonshot AI’s Kimi, Baixiaoying has gained recognition for its superior search capabilities, functioning “like a professional” according to company claims.

Leadership

Baichuan AI is led by founder and CEO Wang Xiaochuan, who previously helmed Sogou, once China’s second-largest search engine before its acquisition by Tencent. The company’s core team comprises AI experts from leading global tech firms, including Google, Tencent, Baidu, Huawei, Microsoft, and ByteDance, bringing together deep expertise in AI development and deployment.

Funding & Business Model

Baichuan AI has received strong backing from major Chinese technology investors. In October 2023, the company raised $300 million in a Series A1 funding round, led by Alibaba, Tencent, and Xiaomi. This was followed by a Series A round in July 2024, which secured an additional $691 million, bringing its valuation to $2.7 billion.

Baichuan AI’s business model revolves around API monetization, offering enterprise access to its proprietary models. Additionally, it provides domain-specific AI solutions across healthcare, finance, education, and entertainment. The company also customizes AI solutions for enterprise clients, leveraging its foundational models to address specific industry needs.

Outlook

With a clear ambition to rival OpenAI, Baichuan AI is rapidly expanding its technological footprint in China. Its robust funding, seasoned leadership, and advanced AI models position it as a key player in China’s AI landscape. 

MiniMax: Advancing Multimodal AI Solutions

Founded in December 2021, MiniMax is a cutting-edge artificial intelligence company dedicated to developing large-scale AI models and multimodal technologies. The company integrates text, voice, and vision capabilities into its AI solutions, positioning itself as a key player in China’s AI landscape.

Product Lineup

  • Talkie (June 2023): An AI companion app allowing users to engage with virtual characters, including digital recreations of celebrities. The app gained significant traction in international markets, particularly among U.S. teenagers, ranking as the fifth most downloaded free entertainment app in the U.S.
  • Hailuo AI (March 2024): A multimodal large language model consumer platform offering AI-generated text and music features. Expanded in September 2024 with Video-01, a text-to-video model producing high-resolution videos from text prompts.
  • MiniMax-01 Series:
    • MiniMax-Text-01: A 456B-parameter text-only model that surpasses Google’s Gemini 2.0 Flash on MMLU and SimpleQA benchmarks. With a 4M-token context window, it processes over 3 million words in a single input – approximately five times the length of War and Peace.
    • MiniMax-VL-01: A multimodal model integrating text and visual inputs, excelling in ChartQA benchmarks. While it rivals Anthropic’s Claude 3.5 Sonnet, it falls short of OpenAI’s GPT-4o, Google’s Gemini 2.0 Flash, and InternVL2.5 in some evaluations.
    • T2A-01-HD: An advanced speech synthesis model supporting 17 languages, including English and Chinese. It enables voice cloning from a mere 10-second sample and is available exclusively via MiniMax’s API and Hailuo AI platform.

Leadership

MiniMax was founded by Yan Junjie and Zhou Yucong, both former SenseTime employees. Yan led deep learning toolchain development at SenseTime, while Zhou spearheaded its algorithms R&D team. The leadership team also includes Yang Bin, a former Uber AI researcher known for his work in autonomous driving technologies.

Funding & Business Model

MiniMax has attracted substantial investment from leading Chinese technology firms. In June 2023, the company raised over $250 million, backed by a Tencent-led entity, bringing its valuation to $1.2 billion. A subsequent funding round in March 2024, led by Alibaba Group, secured $600 million, raising its valuation to $2.5 billion. Investors also include Hillhouse Investment, HongShan, IDG Capital, and Tencent.

MiniMax operates under a hybrid business model that balances open-source development, API services, and product innovation. The company releases select AI models with licensing restrictions to prevent their use in developing competing AI systems. It also provides API access to its AI capabilities, allowing third-party developers to integrate MiniMax’s technologies into their applications. Additionally, MiniMax develops both B2B solutions and consumer-facing applications, such as AI-powered role-playing platforms and text-to-video generators, positioning itself as a versatile player in the AI ecosystem.

Challenges & Outlook

MiniMax has faced regulatory challenges, including the removal of Talkie from Apple’s App Store in December 2024 due to concerns over unauthorized AI avatars of public figures. Additionally, the company has been accused of using copyrighted content in its training data by British TV channels and Chinese streaming service iQIY. Despite these hurdles, MiniMax continues to innovate and expand its AI capabilities, solidifying its position in China’s AI sector.

01.AI: Industry-Specific AI Company Led by Kai-Fu Lee

Founded in March 2023, 01.AI is a Beijing-based artificial intelligence startup led by Kai-Fu Lee. The company focuses on developing smaller, industry-specific AI models while balancing both open-source and proprietary solutions.

Product Lineup

  • Open-Source Yi Models (November 2023): Released three model variants – Yi-6B, Yi-9B, and Yi-34B – designed for text generation, understanding, and complex reasoning. These models serve as the foundation for 01.AI’s large-scale language model offerings.
  • Yi-Large (Early 2024): The company’s first closed-source model, built for high-performance reasoning and content creation.
  • Yi-Coder: A specialized coding model excelling in code completion, editing, and long-context modeling, supporting up to 128K tokens. It also demonstrates strong mathematical reasoning.
  • Wanzhi (May 2024): A personal AI workspace and productivity tool aimed at enhancing user efficiency.

Leadership

01.AI is led by Kai-Fu Lee, a renowned AI pioneer and former executive at Microsoft and Google. Lee is also the co-founder of Sinovation Ventures, a leading Chinese venture capital firm. The company has a team of over 100 AI specialists and experienced business professionals, many of whom previously worked with Lee at top tech firms.

Funding & Business Model

01.AI has secured significant investments, raising $300 million in November 2023 from Tencent, Xiaomi, Alibaba Cloud, and Sinovation Ventures, which brought its valuation to $1 billion. In August 2024, the company reportedly secured additional funding worth hundreds of millions from an international strategic investor, a Southeast Asian consortium, and other institutions.

The company operates under a dual approach, balancing open-source accessibility with proprietary solutions. Its smaller models are open-source, allowing for academic and commercial use while maintaining strong performance across various AI benchmarks. In parallel, 01.AI offers API access to its closed-source models, providing six enterprise-optimized APIs, including Yi-Large, Yi-Large-Turbo API, Yi-Medium API, Yi-Medium-200K API, Yi-Vision API, and Yi-Spark API. Additionally, the company develops consumer-facing AI applications such as Wanzhi, an AI productivity tool, and RuYi, a digital human solution, further expanding its reach in both enterprise and individual user markets.

Market Impact & Outlook

In August 2024, 01.AI announced that its Wanzhi productivity app had reached 10 million users, generating over 100 million yuan ($13.8 million) in revenue. With a strong balance between open-source development and enterprise-driven AI solutions, 01.AI is positioning itself as a key player in China’s AI sector, offering scalable and specialized AI tools for a range of industries.

Conclusion: The Future of China’s AI Innovators

The rapid advancements made by DeepSeek and the Chinese AI Tigers highlight the country’s growing prominence in artificial intelligence. These startups are not only competing with global tech giants but also setting new benchmarks in efficiency, multimodal capabilities, and enterprise applications. As China continues to invest heavily in AI research and development, the next wave of innovations from these companies could reshape the global AI landscape.

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The post Beyond DeepSeek: An Overview of Chinese AI Tigers and Their Cutting-Edge Innovations appeared first on TOPBOTS.

Robot Talk Episode 107 – Animal-inspired robot movement, with Robert Siddall

Claire chatted to Robert Siddall from the University of Surrey about novel robot designs inspired by the way real animals move.

Robert Siddall is an aerospace engineer with an enthusiasm for unconventional robotics. He is interested in understanding animal locomotion for the benefit of synthetic locomotion, particularly flight. Before becoming a Lecturer at the University of Surrey, he worked at the Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems in Stuttgart, Germany, where he studied the arboreal acrobatics of rainforest-dwelling reptiles. His work focuses on the design of novel robots that can tackle important environmental problems.

 

Artificial intelligence improves personalized cancer treatment

Personalized medicine aims to tailor treatments to individual patients. Until now, this has been done using a small number of parameters to predict the course of a disease. However, these few parameters are often not enough to understand the complexity of diseases such as cancer. A team of researchers has developed a new approach to this problem using artificial intelligence (AI).

Inspired by water bugs, researchers create tiny swimming robots for medical, environmental uses

Inspired by the movement of insects gliding on the surface of water, University of Waterloo researchers have designed tiny robots controlled by light, offering promising possibilities for environmental remediation and biomedical applications. Their work is published in Advanced Functional Materials.

Synthetic neurons that mimic human processes could lead to smarter robotics

Artificially engineered biological processes, such as perception systems, remain an elusive target for organic electronics experts due to the reliance of human senses on an adaptive network of sensory neurons, which communicate by firing in response to environmental stimuli.

Soft robots mimic mantis shrimp’s punch and flea’s leap for added power

A research team has taken inspiration from principles found in nature and developed the "hyperelastic torque reversal mechanism" (HeTRM), which enables robots made from rubber-like soft materials to perform rapid and powerful movements. This study is published in Science Robotics, and the researchers were led by Professor Kyu-Jin Cho from Seoul National University's Department of Mechanical Engineering.

Carving Out Your Competitive Advantage With AI

When I talk to corporate customers, there is often this idea that AI, while powerful, won’t give any company a lasting competitive edge. After all, over the past two years, large-scale LLMs have become a commodity for everyone. I’ve been thinking a lot about how companies can shape a competitive advantage using AI, and a recent article in the Harvard Business Review (AI Won’t Give You a New Sustainable Advantage) inspired me to organize my thoughts around the topic.

Indeed, maybe one day, when businesses and markets are driven by the invisible hand of AI, the equal-opportunity hypothesis might ring true. But until then, there are so many ways — big and small — for companies to differentiate themselves using AI. I like to think of it as a complex ingredient in your business recipe — the success of the final dish depends on the cook who is making it. The magic lies in how you combine AI craft with strategy, design, and execution.

In this article, I’ll focus on real-life business applications of AI and explore their key sources of competitive advantage. As we’ll see, successful AI integration goes far beyond technology, and certainly beyond having the trendiest LLM at work. It’s about finding AI’s unique sweet spot in your organization, making critical design decisions, and aligning a variety of stakeholders around the optimal design, deployment, and usage of your AI systems. In the following, I will illustrate this using the mental model we developed to structure our thinking about AI projects (cf. this article for an in-depth introduction).

AI competitive advantage
Figure 1: Sources of competitive advantage in an AI system (cf. this article for an explanation of the mental model for AI systems)

AI opportunities aren’t created equal

AI is often used to automate existing tasks, but the more space you allow for creativity and innovation when selecting your AI use cases, the more likely they will result in a competitive advantage. You should also prioritize the unique needs and strengths of your company when evaluating opportunities.

Identifying use cases with differentiation potential

When we brainstorm AI use cases with customers, 90% of them typically fall into one of four buckets — productivity, improvement, personalization, and innovation. Let’s take the example of an airline business to illustrate some opportunities across these categories:

AI competitive advantage
Figure 2: Mapping AI opportunities for an airline

Of course, the first branch — productivity and automation — looks like the low-hanging fruit. It is the easiest one to implement, and automating boring routine tasks has an undeniable efficiency benefit. However, if you’re limiting your use of AI to basic automation, don’t be surprised when your competitors do the same. In our experience, strategic advantage is built up in the other branches. Companies that take the time to figure out how AI can help them offer something different, not just faster or cheaper, are the ones that see long-term results.

As an example, let’s look at a project we recently implemented with the Lufthansa Group. The company wanted to systematize and speed up its innovation processes. We developed an AI tool that acts as a giant sensor into the airline market, monitoring competitors, trends, and the overall market context. Based on this broad information, the tool now provides tailored innovation recommendations for Lufthansa. There are several aspects that cannot be easily imitated by potential competitors, and certainly not by just using a bigger AI model:

  • Understanding which information exactly is needed to make decisions about new innovation initiatives
  • Blending public data with unique company-specific knowledge
  • Educating users at company scale on the right usage of the data in their assessment of new innovation initiatives

All of this is novel know-how that was developed in tight cooperation between industry experts, practitioners, and a specialized AI team, involving lots of discovery, design decisions, and stakeholder alignment. If you get all of these aspects right, I believe you are on a good path toward creating a sustainable and defensible advantage with AI.

Finding your unique sweet spot for value creation

Value creation with AI is a highly individual affair. I recently experienced this firsthand when I challenged myself to build and launch an end-to-end AI app on my own. I’m comfortable with Python and don’t massively benefit from AI help there, but other stuff like frontend? Not really my home turf. In this situation, AI-powered code generation worked like a charm. It felt like flowing through an effortless no-code tool, while having all the versatility of the underlying — and unfamiliar — programming languages under my fingertips. This was my very own, personal sweet spot — using AI where it unlocks value I wouldn’t otherwise tap into, and sparing a frontend developer on the way. Most other people would not get so much value out of this case:

  • A professional front-end developer would not see such a drastic increase in speed.
  • A person without programming experience would hardly ever get to the finish line. You must understand how programming works to correctly prompt an AI model and integrate its outputs.

While this is a personal example, the same principle applies at the corporate level. For good or for bad, most companies have some notion of strategy and core competence driving their business. The secret is about finding the right place for AI in that equation — a place where it will complement and amplify the existing skills.

Data — a game of effort

Data is the fuel for any AI system. Here, success comes from curating high-quality, focused datasets and continuously adapting them to evolving needs. By blending AI with your unique expertise and treating data as a dynamic resource, you can transform information into long-term strategic value.

Managing knowledge and domain expertise

To illustrate the importance of proper knowledge management, let’s do a thought experiment and travel to the 16th century. Antonio and Bartolomeo are the best shoemakers in Florence (which means they’re probably the best in the world). Antonio’s family has meticulously recorded their craft for generations, with shelves of notes on leather treatments, perfect fits, and small adjustments learned from years of experience. On the other hand, Bartolomeo’s family has kept their secrets more closely guarded. They don’t write anything down; their shoemaking expertise has been passed down verbally, from father to son.

Now, a visionary named Leonardo comes along, offering both families a groundbreaking technology that can automate their whole shoemaking business — if it can learn from their data. Antonio comes with his wagon of detailed documentation, and the technology can directly learn from those centuries of know-how. Bartolomeo is in trouble — without written records, there’s nothing explicit for the AI to chew on. His family’s expertise is trapped in oral tradition, intuition, and muscle memory. Should he try to write all of it down now — is it even possible, given that most of his work is governed intuitively? Or should he just let it be and go on with his manual business-as-usual? Succumbing to inertia and uncertainty, he goes for the latter option, while Antonio’s business strives and grows with the help of the new technology. Freed from daily routine tasks, he can get creative and invent new ways to make and improve shoes.

Beyond explicit documentation, valuable domain expertise is also hidden across other data assets such as transactional data, customer interactions, and market insights. AI thrives on this kind of information, extracting meaning and patterns that would otherwise go unnoticed by humans.

Quality over quantity

Data doesn’t need to be big — on the contrary, today, big often means noisy. What’s critical is the quality of the data you’re feeding into your AI system. As models become more sample-efficient — i.e., able to learn from smaller, more focused datasets — the kind of data you use is far more important than how much of it you have.

In my experience, the companies that succeed with AI treat their data — be it for training, fine-tuning, or evaluation — like a craft. They don’t just gather information passively; they curate and edit it, refining and selecting data that reflects a deep understanding of their specific industry. This careful approach gives their AI sharper insights and a more nuanced understanding than any competitor using a generic dataset. I’ve seen firsthand how even small improvements in data quality can lead to significant leaps in AI performance.

Capturing the dynamics with the data flywheel

Data needs to evolve along with the real world. That’s where DataOps comes in, ensuring data is continuously adapted and doesn’t drift apart from reality. The most successful companies understand this and regularly update their datasets to reflect changing environments and market dynamics. A power mechanism to achieve this is the data flywheel. The more your AI generates insights, the better your data becomes, creating a self-reinforcing feedback loop because users will come back to your system more often. With every cycle, your data sharpens and your AI improves, building an advantage that competitors will struggle to match. To kick off the data flywheel, your system needs to demonstrate some initial value to start with — and then, you can bake in some additional incentives to nudge your users into using your system on a regular basis.

AI competitive advantage
Figure 3: The data flywheel is a self-reinforcing feedback loop between users and the AI system

Intelligence: Sharpening your AI tools

Now, let’s dive into the “intelligence” component. This component isn’t just about AI models in isolation — it’s about how you integrate them into larger intelligent systems. Big Tech is working hard to make us believe that AI success hinges on the use of massive LLMs such as the GPT models. Good for them — bad for those of us who want to use AI in real-life applications. Overrelying on these heavyweights can bloat your system and quickly become a costly liability, while smart system design and tailored models are important sources for differentiation and competitive advantage.

Toward customization and efficiency

Mainstream LLMs are generalists. Like high-school graduates, they have a mediocre-to-decent performance across a wide range of tasks. However, in business, decent isn’t enough. You need to send your AI model to university so it can specialize, respond to your specific business needs, and excel in your domain. This is where fine-tuning comes into play. However, it’s important to recognize that mainstream LLMs, while powerful, can quickly become slow and expensive if not managed efficiently. As Big Tech boasts about larger model sizes and longer context windows — i.e., how much information you can feed into one prompt — smart tech is quietly moving towards efficiency. Techniques like prompt compression reduce prompt size, making interactions faster and more cost-effective. Small language models (SLMs) are another trend (Figure 4). With up to a couple of billions of parameters, they allow companies to safely deploy task- and domain-specific intelligence on their internal infrastructure (Anacode).

AI competitive advantage
Figure 4: Small Language Models are gaining attention as the inefficiencies of mainstream LLMs become apparent

But before fine-tuning an LLM, ask yourself whether generative AI is even the right solution for your specific challenge. In many cases, predictive AI models — those that focus on forecasting outcomes rather than generating content — are more effective, cheaper, and easier to defend from a competitive standpoint. And while this might sound like old news, most of AI value creation in businesses actually happens with predictive AI.

Crafting compound AI systems

AI models don’t operate in isolation. Just as the human brain consists of multiple regions, each responsible for specific capabilities like reasoning, vision, and language, a truly intelligent AI system often involves multiple components. This is also called a “compound AI system” (BAIR). Compound systems can accommodate different models, databases, and software tools and allow you to optimize for cost and transparency. They also enable faster iteration and extension — modular components are easier to test and rearrange than a huge monolithic LLM.

AI competitive advantage
Figure 5: Companies are moving from monolithic models to compound AI systems for better customization, transparency, and iteration (image adapted from BAIR)

Take, for example, a customer service automation system for an SME. In its basic form — calling a commercial LLM — such a setup might cost you a significant amount — let’s say $21k/month for a “vanilla” system. This cost can easily scare away an SME, and they will not touch the opportunity at all. However, with careful engineering, optimization, and the integration of multiple models, the costs can be reduced by as much as 98% (FrugalGPT). Yes, you read it right, that’s 2% of the original cost — a staggering difference, putting a company with stronger AI and engineering skills at a clear advantage. At the moment, most businesses are not leveraging these advanced techniques, and we can only imagine how much there is yet to optimize in their AI usage.

Generative AI isn’t the finish line

While generative AI has captured everyone’s imagination with its ability to produce content, the real future of AI lies in reasoning and problem-solving. Unlike content generation, reasoning is nonlinear — it involves skills like abstraction and generalization which generative AI models aren’t trained for.

AI systems of the future will need to handle complex, multi-step activities that go far beyond what current generative models can do. We’re already seeing early demonstrations of AI’s reasoning capabilities, whether through language-based emulations or engineered add-ons. However, the limitations are apparent — past a certain threshold of complexity, these models start to hallucinate. Companies that invest in crafting AI systems designed to handle these complex, iterative processes will have a major head start. These companies will thrive as AI moves beyond its current generative phase and into a new era of smart, modular, and reasoning-driven systems.

User experience: Seamless integration into user workflows

User experience is the channel through which you can deliver the value of AI to users. It should smoothly transport the benefits users need to speed up and perfect their workflows, while inherent AI risks and issues such as erroneous outputs need to be filtered or mitigated.

Optimizing on the strengths of humans and AI

In most real-world scenarios, AI alone can’t achieve full automation. For example, at my company Equintel, we use AI to assist in the ESG reporting process, which involves multiple layers of analysis and decision-making. While AI excels at large-scale data processing, there are many subtasks that demand human judgment, creativity, and expertise. An ergonomic system design reflects this labor distribution, relieving humans from tedious data routines and giving them the space to focus on their strengths.

This strength-based approach also alleviates common fears of job replacement. When employees are empowered to focus on tasks where their skills shine, they’re more likely to view AI as a supporting tool, not a competitor. This fosters a win-win situation where both humans and AI thrive by working together.

Calibrating user trust

Every AI model has an inherent failure rate. Whether generative AI hallucinations or incorrect outputs from predictive models, mistakes happen and accumulate into the dreaded “last-mile problem.” Even if your AI system performs well 90% of the time, a small error rate can quickly become a showstopper if users overtrust the system and don’t address its errors.

Consider a bank using AI for fraud detection. If the AI fails to flag a fraudulent transaction and the user doesn’t catch it, the resulting loss could be significant — let’s say $500,000 siphoned from a compromised account. Without proper trust calibration, users might lack the tools or alerts to question the AI’s decision, allowing fraud to go unnoticed.

Now, imagine another bank using the same system but with proper trust calibration in place. When the AI is uncertain about a transaction, it flags it for review, even if it doesn’t outright classify it as fraud. This additional layer of trust calibration encourages the user to investigate further, potentially catching fraud that would have slipped through. In this scenario, the bank could avoid the $500,000 loss. Multiply that across multiple transactions, and the savings — along with improved security and customer trust — are substantial.

Combining AI efficiency and human ingenuity is the new competitive frontier

Success with AI requires more than just adopting the latest technologies — it’s about identifying and nurturing the individual sweet spots where AI can drive the most value for your business. This involves:

  • Pinpointing the areas where AI can create a significant impact.
  • Aligning a top-tier team of engineers, domain experts, and business stakeholders to design AI systems that meet these needs.
  • Ensuring effective AI adoption by educating users on how to maximize its benefits.

Finally, I believe we are moving into a time when the notion of competitive advantage itself is shaken up. While in the past, competing was all about maximizing profitability, today, businesses are expected to balance financial gains with sustainability, which adds a new layer of complexity. AI has the potential to help companies not only optimize their operations but also move toward more sustainable practices. Imagine AI helping to reduce plastic waste, streamline shared economy models, or support other initiatives that make the world a better place. The real power of AI lies not just in efficiency but in the potential it offers us to reshape whole industries and drive both profit and positive social impact.

For deep-dives into many of the topics that were touched in this article, check out my upcoming book The Art of AI Product Development.

Note: Unless noted otherwise, all images are the author’s.

This article was originally published on Towards Data Science and re-published to TOPBOTS with permission from the author.

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The post Carving Out Your Competitive Advantage With AI appeared first on TOPBOTS.

Using AI, researchers devise a fast and precise way to teach robots complicated skills

At UC Berkeley, researchers in Sergey Levine's Robotic AI and Learning Lab eyed a table where a tower of 39 Jenga blocks stood perfectly stacked. Then a white-and-black robot, its single limb doubled over like a hunched-over giraffe, zoomed toward the tower, brandishing a black leather whip.

How to strengthen collaboration across AI teams

As AI evolves, effective collaboration across project lifecycles remains a pressing challenge for AI teams.

In fact, 20% of AI leaders cite collaboration as their biggest unmet need, underscoring that building cohesive AI teams is just as essential as building the AI itself. 

With AI initiatives growing in complexity and scale, organizations that foster strong, cross-functional partnerships gain a critical edge in the race for innovation. 

This quick guide equips AI leaders with practical strategies to strengthen collaboration across teams, ensuring smoother workflows, faster progress, and more successful AI outcomes. 

Teamwork hurdles AI leaders are facing

AI collaboration is strained by team silos, shifting work environments, misaligned objectives, and increasing business demands.

For AI teams, these challenges manifest in four key areas: 

  • Fragmentation: Disjointed tools, workflows, and processes make it difficult for teams to operate as a cohesive unit.

  • Coordination complexity: Aligning cross-functional teams on hand-off priorities, timelines, and dependencies becomes exponentially harder as projects scale.

  • Inconsistent communication: Gaps in communication lead to missed opportunities, redundancies, rework, and confusion over project status and responsibilities.

  • Model integrity: Ensuring model accuracy, fairness, and security requires seamless handoffs and constant oversight, but disconnected teams often lack the shared accountability or the observability tools needed to maintain it.

Addressing these hurdles is critical for AI leaders who want to streamline operations, minimize risks, and drive meaningful results faster.

Fragmentation workflows, tools, and languages

An AI project typically passes through five teams, seven tools, and 12 programming languages before reaching its business users — and that’s just the beginning.

AI Teamwork Screenshot
AI Teamwork Screenshot

Here’s how fragmentation disrupts collaboration and what AI leaders can do to fix it:

  • Disjointed projects: Silos between teams create misalignment. During the planning stage, design clear workflows and shared goals.

  • Duplicated efforts: Redundant work slows progress and creates waste. Use shared documentation and centralized project tools to avoid overlap.

  • Delays in completion: Poor handoffs create bottlenecks. Implement structured handoff processes and align timelines to keep projects moving.

  • Tool and coding language incompatibility: Incompatible tools hinder interoperability. Standardize tools and programming languages where possible to enhance compatibility and streamline collaboration.

When the processes and teams are fragmented, it’s harder to maintain a united vision for the project. Over time, these misalignments can erode the business impact and user engagement of the final AI output.

The hidden cost of hand-offs

Each stage of an AI project presents a new hand-off – and with it, new risks to progress and performance. Here’s where things often go wrong: 

  • Data gaps from research to development: Incomplete or inconsistent data transfers and data duplication slow development and increases rework.

  • Misaligned expectations: Unclear testing criteria lead to defects and delays during development-to-testing handoffs.

  • Integration issues: Differences in technical environments can cause failures when models are moved from test to production.

  • Weak monitoring:  Limited oversight after deployment allows undetected issues to harm model performance and jeopardize business operations.

To mitigate these risks, AI leaders should offer solutions that synchronize cross-functional teams at each stage of development to preserve project momentum and ensure a more predictable, controlled path to deployment. 

Strategic solutions

Breaking down barriers in team communications

AI leaders face a growing obstacle in uniting code-first and low-code teams while streamlining workflows to improve efficiency. This disconnect is significant, with 13% of AI leaders citing collaboration issues between teams as a major barrier when advancing AI use cases through various lifecycle stages.

To address these challenges, AI leaders can focus on two core strategies:

1. Provide context to align teams

AI leaders play a critical role in ensuring their teams understand the full project context, including the use case, business relevance, intended outcomes, and organizational policies. 

Integrating these insights into approval workflows and automated guardrails maintains clarity on roles and responsibilities, protects sensitive data like personally identifiable information (PII), and ensures compliance with policies.

By prioritizing transparent communication and embedding context into workflows, leaders create an environment where teams can confidently innovate without risking sensitive information or operational integrity.

2. Use centralized platforms for collaboration

AI teams need a centralized communication platform to collaborate across model development, testing, and deployment stages.

An integrated AI suite can streamline workflows by allowing teams to tag assets, add comments, and share resources through central registries and use case hubs.

Key features like automated versioning and comprehensive documentation ensure work integrity while providing a clear historical record, simplify handoffs, and keep projects on track.

By combining clear context-setting with centralized tools, AI leaders can bridge team communication gaps, eliminate redundancies, and maintain efficiency across the entire AI lifecycle.

Protecting model integrity from development to deployment

For many organizations, models take more than seven months to reach production – regardless of AI maturity. This lengthy timeline introduces more opportunities for errors, inconsistencies, and misaligned goals.  

Survey Data on AI Maturity
Survey Data on AI Maturity


To safeguard model integrity, AI leaders should:

  • Automate documentation, versioning, and history tracking.

  • Invest in technologies with customizable guards and deep observability at every step.

  • Empower AI teams to easily and consistently test, validate, and compare models.

  • Provide collaborative workspaces and centralized hubs for seamless communication and handoffs.

  • Establish well-monitored data pipelines to prevent drift, and maintain data quality and consistency.

  • Emphasize the importance of model documentation and conduct regular audits to meet compliance standards.

  • Establish clear criteria for when to update or maintain models, and develop a rollback strategy to quickly revert to previous versions if needed.

By adopting these practices, AI leaders can ensure high standards of model integrity, reduce risk, and deliver impactful results.

Lead the way in AI collaboration and innovation

As an AI leader, you have the power to create environments where collaboration and innovation thrive.

By promoting shared knowledge, clear communication, and collective problem-solving, you can keep your teams motivated and focused on high-impact outcomes.

For deeper insights and actionable guidance, explore our Unmet AI Needs report, and uncover how to strengthen your AI strategy and team performance.

The post How to strengthen collaboration across AI teams appeared first on DataRobot.

Adapting to Industry 4.0: Key Tech Innovations and Data Security for Today’s Businesses

The rise of Industry 4.0 marks a turning point for businesses. It blends artificial intelligence (AI), the Internet of Things (IoT), and data science to transform operations and company growth. These technologies let businesses make smarter and faster decisions and […]

The post Adapting to Industry 4.0: Key Tech Innovations and Data Security for Today’s Businesses appeared first on TechSpective.

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